How should a change in control of the aircraft be initiated?

Initiating a change in control of the aircraft by using a positive exchange—communicating with the phrase "controls"—is crucial for ensuring that both pilots are aware of who is in command at any given moment. This method enhances safety by eliminating ambiguity and confirming the transition of control. When one pilot announces "controls," it signals to the other pilot that they are ceding control, prompting the second pilot to respond with "you have controls." This two-way communication reinforces situational awareness and provides a clear and unmistakable transition of responsibility, reducing the potential for miscommunication during flight operations.

Hand signals, while useful in some contexts, can be less effective in an environment where clear verbal communication is essential. Verbal confirmation alone can create uncertainty if it lacks the structured approach of a positive exchange. Visual acknowledgment similarly does not guarantee the mutual understanding that comes with the explicit exchange of control commands. Thus, utilizing a positive exchange with clear verbal cues is the most effective and safest method to initiate a change in aircraft control.